Denotation
This is the core or central meaning of a word or lexeme, as far as it can be described in a dictionary. It is therefore sometimes known as the cognitive or referential meaning. It is possible to think of lexical items that have a more or less fixed denotation (sun, denoting the nearest star, perhaps) but this is rare. Most are subject to change over time.Connotation
Connotation is connected with psychology and culture, as it means the personal or emotional associations aroused by words. When these associations are widespread and become established by common usage, a new denotation is recorded in dictionaries.Difference between connotation and denotation.
Under
the rubric of teaching students about
Pathos, or appeal to emotion, in the Aristotelian Pathos/Ethos/Logos triangle,
she briefly described
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Denotation as the literal meaning a word that might
be found in a dictionary.
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Connotation as the emotional weight of a word
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Denotation represents the
explicit or referential meaning of a sign. Denotation
refers to the literal meaning
of a word, the ‘dictionary definition.
-
Connotation represents the
various social overtones, cultural implications, or emotional meanings
associated with a sign
Connotation and
denotation are not two separate things/signs. They are two aspects/elements of
a sign, and the connotative meanings of a word exist together with the
denotative meanings.
Implication
This is
meaning which a speaker or writer intends but does not communicate directly.
Where a listener is able to deduce or infer the intended meaning from what has
been uttered, this is known as (conversational) implicature. David Crystal
gives this Example:
Utterance: “A bus!” → Implicature (implicit meaning): “We must run.”
Example
• the name
‘Hollywood’ connotes such things
as glitz, glamour, tinsel, Celebrity In the same time,
• the name ‘Hollywood’ denotes an area of
Los Angeles
 | ||||||||||
| example conotation-denotaion |
References:
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Connotation and Denotation https://www.csun.edu/~bashforth/098_PDF/06Sep15Connotation_Denotation.pdf
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Semantics - meanings,
etymology and the lexicon https://www.teachit.co.uk/armoore/lang/semantics.htm
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